By The extraction of groundwater in Lahore and Multan has raised significant environmental concerns due to its impact on water resources. In Lahore, three companies have collectively extracted approximately 2.6 billion gallons of groundwater. This extensive extraction has contributed to the alarming depletion of the city’s water table, which is declining at a rate of about 2.5 to 3 feet per year. As a result, the water table in central Lahore has fallen below 130 feet and is projected to drop below 230 feet by 2025. Experts warn that if this trend continues, Lahore may face severe water shortages by 2040. Similarly, in Multan, a multinational company extracted 1.34 billion gallons of groundwater over a six-year period. This large-scale extraction has exacerbated the region’s water scarcity issues, leading to concerns about the sustainability of local water resources.
The unchecked extraction of groundwater in these regions has led to several environmental challenges. The continuous lowering of the water table makes it increasingly difficult to access clean water for domestic and agricultural purposes. Over-extraction can lead to the intrusion of contaminants into the water supply, compromising water quality and posing health risks. Excessive groundwater extraction can also cause the ground to sink, leading to structural damage and increased flood risks. In response to these issues, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has ordered the imposition of a tax of Re1 per liter on bottled water companies extracting groundwater.
This measure aims to regulate the extraction and ensure that companies contribute to the conservation of water resources. Additionally, experts advocate for the implementation of laws to regulate underground water extraction and promote conservation efforts. The Punjab Municipal Water Act, introduced in 2014, seeks to manage municipal water use but has yet to be fully implemented. Addressing the challenges of groundwater extraction in Lahore and Multan requires a comprehensive approach, including stricter regulations, public awareness campaigns, and the promotion of sustainable water usage practices.
